The pain during childbirth is a natural process, but its intensity is individual. There are many safe and effective methods for pain relief that do not require medication. These methods can not only reduce pain but also improve the childbirth process.

Why not just medications?

 Non-medication methods:

• encourage active participation in the childbirth process

• do not cause side effects

• can be used both independently and in combination with medication methods

Key non-medication methods:

1. Movement and Position Changes:
Standing, walking, kneeling, sitting on a ball — aids in the baby's descent and reduces the intensity of pain.
 ACOG recommends that the birthing woman be allowed to choose a comfortable position during childbirth.

2. Heat/Cool:
A warm shower or immersion in water, as well as warm or cold compresses — reduce muscle tension and pain intensity.

3. Massage and Tactile Stimulation:
Massage of the lower back or legs by a partner, supporter, or doula reduces the sensation of pain and increases oxytocin release.

4. Breathing Techniques and Relaxation:
Deep breathing, focused mind, music, or meditation help reduce anxiety and better manage pain.

5. Water Birth:
Childbirth can occur in warm water, which reduces pressure and pain during the first and second stages of labor.

6. TENS (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation):
Electrical impulses are applied to the skin surface, which helps prevent pain signals from being transmitted to the brain.

How to Maximize Benefits?

Preparation — psychological and physical preparation for the baby's birth
Support from companions — partner/doula
Creating an individual plan — customized according to the woman's wishes with clinic staff

International Recommendations:

• WHO – mothers should be allowed to move freely and choose positions during childbirth

• ACOG – non-medication methods should be available to all women

• RCOG & NICE Guidelines – non-pharmacological methods represent part of routine management of labor, especially in early stages

Conclusion:Non-medication methods not only reduce pain but also enhance a woman's sense of control over the childbirth process. They can be used safely, individually, and often more comfortably than medications.

Article author - Zoti Dadiani - Obstetrician-Gynaecologist